-
Morbidity and Mortality Statistics in Paediadric Medical Ward of Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos
Shehu Maryam,
Davou Kaneng Nyam,
Ubanyi Tina Onyeka,
Mava Yakubu,
Eseigbe Edwin Ehi,
Yakubu Alhassan Mela
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
51-55
Received:
6 May 2019
Accepted:
3 June 2019
Published:
12 June 2019
Abstract: Background: Approximately seventy-five percent of the deaths that occur in children excluding neonatal deaths in sub-Sahara Africa result from preventable and curable diseases like pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria. A hospital-based mortality and mortality pattern can be used to appraise the demographic profile and burden of disease in a community. AIM: To determine the morbidity and mortality pattern of children admitted into the PMW of BHUTH, Jos. Methodology: This was a retrospective study. Admissions into the paediatric medical ward of Bingham University Teaching hospital, Jos between October 2017 to Octorber 2018 were reviewed, with data from the admission and discharge records of the ward. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethical clearance was gotten from the ethical committee of the hospital. Results: A total of 357 children aged 1 month-15 years were admitted over the study period, of these, 189 (52.9%) were males, and 168 (47.1%) were females with a male:female ratio of 1.1:1. The age range was 1-168 months. Two hundred and twenty-seven (63.6%) of the children were under 5 years old. The major cause of mortality in children less than 5 years of age were BPN, Sepsis and malaria with 2 (18.2%) each respectively. The cause of morbidity was majorly due to malaria 70 (20.2%), followed by various crisis of SCA 42 (12%). The highest case fatality rate was from viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) with 28%, followed by Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) and Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) with complications each having 15.4% respectively. The length of hospital stay was inversely proportional to mortality and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 24.58, p < 0.00). The trend of sex distribution and morbidities showed that the month with the highest morbidity was in October 2017 with 44 admissions, the highest number of male morbidities was in January, 2018 with 26 males, while the month with the highest number of morbidities for females was in October 2017 with 21 patients. Out of all the 357 admissions, (92.7%) were discharged, (2.2%) left against medical advice, (0.6%) were referred, while (4.5%) died. Conclusion: The burden of paediatric morbidity and mortality is on children under 5 years and the causes are mainly preventable. An emphasis and focus on malaria eradication, vaccination and other child survival strategies will help to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality.
Abstract: Background: Approximately seventy-five percent of the deaths that occur in children excluding neonatal deaths in sub-Sahara Africa result from preventable and curable diseases like pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria. A hospital-based mortality and mortality pattern can be used to appraise the demographic profile and burden of disease in a community. A...
Show More
-
Beyond the Legislation for Sickle Cell Disease Prevention - Getting the Right Outcomes
Ogbonna Collins Nwabuko,
Ransome Eke,
Mwayabo Jean Claude Kazadi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
56-65
Received:
26 February 2019
Accepted:
23 April 2019
Published:
12 June 2019
Abstract: This study aimed at highlighting benefits derivable from legislation for Sickle cell disease (SCD) prevention using the three levels of health legislative power (primary, secondary and tertiary). It was an evidence-based integrative review of 54 references related to SCD, epidemiology, management, and legislation for its control over the past three decades (1979-2018). Two keywords (SCD and Legislation/Policy) were used as search strategy to identify the problem, intervention, and outcome evaluation of the research questions. MeSH, Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Database Systematic Review, Google Scholar and African Journal Online were search databases reviewed. The expected outcomes were categorized into three levels of benefits. They were primary, secondary and tertiary categories of benefit. While the primary category would institutionalize pre-genetic counseling in the health institutions, the secondary and tertiary groups would establish screening (prenatal and newborn)/comprehensive care and curative interventions (i.e., investigational therapies and stem cell transplantation) respectively for people living with SCD. These interventions will enhance SCD surveillance, screening, auditing, health needs assessment, treatment, control, and prevention in the target audience. Conclusions The legislation for Sickle Cell Disease prevention in the target population would promote early disease detection, treatment, and prevention. We expect that with an increase in case ascertainment, the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) would reduce so also other complications. This legislation will diffuse new innovations in SCD management and research which will ultimately improve the health indices of people living with the disease globally.
Abstract: This study aimed at highlighting benefits derivable from legislation for Sickle cell disease (SCD) prevention using the three levels of health legislative power (primary, secondary and tertiary). It was an evidence-based integrative review of 54 references related to SCD, epidemiology, management, and legislation for its control over the past three...
Show More
-
Factors Limiting Buprenorphine Prescriptions in Sacramento and El Dorado County
Alana Freifeld,
Neeraj Ramakrishnan,
Jose Puglisi,
Aimee Moulin,
Joshua Elder
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
66-71
Received:
8 April 2019
Accepted:
27 May 2019
Published:
26 June 2019
Abstract: Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Despite the demonstrated efficacy of Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT), few healthcare providers are licensed to prescribe Buprenorphine for OUD. The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes and prescribing practices of providers licensed to treat patients Buprenorphine in two counties in Northern California. We aim to identify barriers to prescribing Buprenorphine for OUD. This is a descriptive study to understand provider practices, attitudes, and barriers towards Buprenorphine prescribing. Of the 95 x-waivered providers identified in Sacramento and El Dorado County, 36 (38%) responded to our phone survey. 12 (33%) were women, and the three most common specialties were Family Medicine 19 (53%), Addiction Medicine 8 (22%), and Psychiatry 8 (22%). Of the survey participants, 33 (92%) actively prescribe Buprenorphine. Self-motivation was cited as the most common reason to become x-waivered 29 (81%), while the least cited reason was an institutional requirement 3 (8%). The most common motivations for prescribing Buprenorphine included low overdose potential 30 (91%), drug efficacy 28 (85%), and low abuse potential 27 (82%). The greatest barriers to Buprenorphine prescribing included poor reimbursement 15 (46%), time constraints 13 (39%), and patient preference for opiates 11 (33%). Overall, most of the interviewed providers 30 (83%) believed Buprenorphine should be prescribed more frequently to manage addiction or pain. This study found that the majority of x-waivered providers in Sacramento and El Dorado Counties do prescribe Buprenorphine but not at their full capacity.
Abstract: Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Despite the demonstrated efficacy of Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT), few healthcare providers are licensed to prescribe Buprenorphine for OUD. The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes and prescribing practices of providers licensed to treat patients Buprenorphi...
Show More
-
The Philosophicum – Model Project of Philosophy of Medicine in Medical Education and Practice in Germany Perspective Article
Jonas Daub,
Hans Christoph Aster,
Hannah Gauger,
Till Gallasch,
Michael Schmidt,
Johann Heinrich Koenigshausen,
Thomas Bohrer
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
72-76
Received:
3 March 2019
Accepted:
10 April 2019
Published:
29 June 2019
Abstract: Medical and philosophical thinking belong together, cannot be separated neither in scientific theory nor in practice, and only the symbiosis of both can face the challange to reflect the basic phenomenon of both of these desiciplines: human life itself. No patient expects to be treated exclusively on the basis of the latest scientific results, but also wants to be perceived by his doctor as an unique individual. It is the doctor’s specific task to embed the scientifically developed diagnoses therapeutically into each individual patient’s biography. Furthermore such a perspecitve increases patient safety and it enables a future of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. The „Philosophicum“ is a model project in Germany that brings together philosophers, physicians and students to do research and education in the broad and enriching intersection of medicine and philosophy. Based on many years of experience, we are convinced that a structured philosophical education can substantially improve medical studies and subsequently doctors‘ work. Medical anthropology and hermeneutics are necessary and also teachable. The preparation should start early in the medical education and should be strengthened by bedside training while interacting with the patient. This requires philosophically interested and trained doctors and students. Exactely for that reason we favor integrating a philosophicum into the medical eduacation and practice.
Abstract: Medical and philosophical thinking belong together, cannot be separated neither in scientific theory nor in practice, and only the symbiosis of both can face the challange to reflect the basic phenomenon of both of these desiciplines: human life itself. No patient expects to be treated exclusively on the basis of the latest scientific results, but ...
Show More
-
Infection Control Impact on Patient with Tuberculosis Chroretinitis in KSA Hospital Based Analysis
Mohammed Ahmed Garout,
Emad Algahdaly,
Magda Ramadan Abdultawab,
Rana Mohammed Garout,
Raha Mohammed Garout
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
77-80
Received:
8 May 2019
Accepted:
14 June 2019
Published:
29 June 2019
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. WHO estimates that one third of the world’s population is currently infected, with 9 million new cases occurring annually, leading to 3 million deaths per year, the disease affects the ocular anterior segment, the posterior segment, and adnexa. , The intraocular manifestations of TB include “mutton fat” keratic precipitates, posterior synechiae, vitreous snowballs, snow banking, retinal vasculitis, choroiditis, serpiginous-like choroiditis, and panuveitis] A definitive diagnosis of intraocular TB requires culture data, and direct demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in smears and via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of intraocular fluid, The purpose of this study is to describe the ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and to emphasize the fact that ocular tuberculosis may occur in the absence of systemic clinical activity and may mimic several clinical entities The current study is an observational consecutive case series of patients diagnosed with intraocular tuberculosis managed at a hospital. Study the prevalence of ocular TB in cross section eye care center Magrabi hospital Jeddah, KSA, from June 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. diagnosis of ocular TB is often presumed in the presence of suggestive ocular findings in combination with any of the following: Systemic findings consistent with TB infection, Positive interferon gamma release assay, Positive tuberculin skin test in asymptomatic individuals, Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on direct smear or culture of MTB from ocular samples, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Fluorescein angiography (FA), RESULTS: 86 of 2542 patients for examination of retina in retina clinic were diagnosed as suspected tuberculosis chroretinitis, 20 percent of them had conformed diagnosed as TB. out Of 86, 24 (27.9%) had at least one episode of oculacomplaints, 7 patients were conformed with PCR. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of presumed ocular tuberculosis remains a clinical challenge, although interferon-γ release assays they currently lack the specificity to distinguish between latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis. molecular diagnostic PCR may be valuable in our ability to establish an earlier etiologic diagnosis and institute appropriate antimycobacterial therapy and ensure from implementation of infection control measurements.
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. WHO estimates that one third of the world’s population is currently infected, with 9 million new cases occurring annually, leading to 3 million deaths per year, the disease affects the ocular anterior segment, the posterior segment, and adnexa....
Show More
