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Research Article
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy in Diagnosic of Coronary Heart Disease
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
63-73
Received:
20 August 2024
Accepted:
20 September 2024
Published:
30 September 2024
Abstract: Introduction: Atherosclerosis plays a key role in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a generalized chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular wall, which results in anatomical and histological changes that, together with functional changes, lead to endothelial dysfunction, narrowing of the arterial lumen, and insufficient blood supply to the tissues. The shift in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases to younger age groups is alarming. The presence of microvascular changes in the myocardium is significant. The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases, especially ischemic heart disease, requires early diagnosis and modern treatment. Aim: The aim of the paper is to analyse and point out early diagnosis of coronary heart disease using nuclear medicine methods. Set of examined patients and methodology: Using nuclear medicine methods, we try to detect these changes in time and thus prevent the occurrence of acute coronary events. In nuclear cardiology, instead of a large-area scintillation detector, a new type of cardio-gamma camera "Discovery CZT 530c" based on the principle of semiconductor detectors began to be used. The abbreviation CZT stands for semiconductor composition (Cadmium-Zinc-Tellur). The set of respondents consisted of 4270 people examined in the years 2014-2016 by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. There were 950 diabetic patients in the analysed group of the 4270 examined. Results: In the analysed group of 4270 respondents, 61% had negative findings and 39% had positive findings in terms of the presence of ischemic heart disease. In the group of diabetic patients, there was a negative finding in 28% of respondents and a positive finding in 72% of the respondents in the sense of positive ischemic heart disease. Using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the diagnosis of functional changes, we confirmed a great benefit in detecting early changes in coronary heart disease, including in the diagnosis of microvascular angina. Conclusion: Nuclear medicine methods are of great benefit for the diagnosis of small vessel disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. The new type of cardio gamma camera "Discovery CZT 530c" allows more accurate assessment of myocardial perfusion abnormalities and at the same time the reduction of the radiopharmaceutical dose reduces the patient's radiation load by 50%.
Abstract: Introduction: Atherosclerosis plays a key role in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a generalized chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular wall, which results in anatomical and histological changes that, together with functional changes, lead to endothelial dysfunction, narrowing of the arterial lumen, and insu...
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Research Article
Peripheral Ischemia and Necrosis Revealing Buerger's Disease in an Internal Medicine Department
Diallo Bachir Mansour*
,
Jean Noel Ndour,
Ndiaye Yanidou,
Faye Fulgence Abdou Faye,
Moustapha Mbacke Diop,
Aboubakry Sow,
Nana Mamoudou Baba,
Wade Adama,
Mbaye Serigne Abdou Khadr,
Diack Mamadou,
Berthé Adama,
Touré Papa Souleymane,
Diop Madoky Magatte,
Ka Mamadou Mourtalla
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
74-77
Received:
11 September 2024
Accepted:
29 September 2024
Published:
18 October 2024
Abstract: Buerger's disease is a systemic vasculitis strongly correlated with tobacco use. It entails a heavy socio-occupational impact. We report the case of a 26-year-old patient with ischemia of the lower limbs revealing Buerger’s disease. He is known smoker with passive exposure to Indian hemp. He was seen for ischemic foot pain that had been progressing for a year. Involvement began in the left big toe. Subsequently, hyperalgesic necrotic lesions were observed on the 3rd, 4th and 5th toes of the foot. Biological investigations revealed an inflammatory syndrome with normocytic anemia and increased C-reactive protein. Retroviral, syphilitic, Hepatitis B and C viruses and SARS-CoV-2 serologies were negative. Antinuclear antibodies were initially borderline at 100 IU with speckled fluorescence, then negative on control. Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and antiphospholipid antibodies were negative. Investigation of thrombophilia was non-contributory, notably factor V mutation testing, antithrombin III assay, proteins C and S and fibrinogen. An arterial ultrasound revealed extensive arterial thrombosis with thickening of the femoral arterial vessel walls. Thromboangiitis obliterans was confirmed and the patient was put on corticosteroids and adjuvant therapy. Surgical treatment was performed 4 months later. Buerger's disease is a serious vascular disorder which must be diagnosed very early in order to prevent complications. Early smoking cessation leads to remission in the early phase.
Abstract: Buerger's disease is a systemic vasculitis strongly correlated with tobacco use. It entails a heavy socio-occupational impact. We report the case of a 26-year-old patient with ischemia of the lower limbs revealing Buerger’s disease. He is known smoker with passive exposure to Indian hemp. He was seen for ischemic foot pain that had been progressing...
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Research Article
Exploring the Diagnostic Challenges of Pseudotumoral Peritoneal Tuberculosis That Mimics Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Women: The Role of Laparoscopy in a Case Study
Jean Noel Diokel Ndour*,
Bachir Mansour Diallo,
Yanidou Ndiaye,
Fulgence Abdou Faye,
Mamoudou Baba Nana,
Atoumane Faye,
Adama Berthé,
Papa Souleymane Touré,
Madoky Magatte Diop,
Mamadou Mourtalla Ka
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
78-81
Received:
11 September 2024
Accepted:
29 September 2024
Published:
18 October 2024
Abstract: This case involves a 63-year-old multiparous woman with no significant medical history and no known exposure to tuberculosis. She presented with chronic abdominal pain and weight loss, anorexia, and subjective fevers. During the clinical examination, the patient was found to have ascites, bilateral pleural effusion, fever, and a general deterioration in her condition. Blood tests revealed normochromic normocytic anemia. The C-reactive protein was elevated, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was accelerated. Ferritin levels were raised. Her blood sugar, hepatic and renal functions were normals. The electrolyte panel showed no abnormalities. Serologies for hepatitis B, C, and HIV were negative, and the immunological profile was normal. The ascitic tap yielded a citrine-yellow fluid, and the cytochemical analysis indicated that the ascites were exudative. Analysis of the ascitic fluid revealed that the DNA test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was negative, but the adenosine deaminase (ADA) level was elevated. Additionally, the CA125 level was significantly elevated, exceeding 600 UI/ml. A pelvic ultrasound identified a cystic pelvic mass with thick septations but without any solid tissue component, measuring 92x69 mm. The complementary CT (Computed Tomography) scan revealed enlarged ovaries, heterogeneous on the left, associated with a moderately abundant peritoneal effusion. The laparoscopic exploration revealed inflammatory peritoneal nodules, parietal adhesions, and serous ascites. Anatomopathology confirmed peritoneal tuberculosis. The peritoneal form, particularly in its pseudotumoral manifestation, can mimic ovarian cancer. Definitive diagnosis often requires invasive procedures.
Abstract: This case involves a 63-year-old multiparous woman with no significant medical history and no known exposure to tuberculosis. She presented with chronic abdominal pain and weight loss, anorexia, and subjective fevers. During the clinical examination, the patient was found to have ascites, bilateral pleural effusion, fever, and a general deteriorati...
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Research Article
Determinants of Complications of Diabetic Among Adult with Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Hubaal Specialist Hospital and Libaan Hospital in Mogadishu: Case Control Study
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
82-99
Received:
13 September 2024
Accepted:
8 October 2024
Published:
29 October 2024
Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major global health issue characterized by persistently high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or decreased insulin efficacy. Over 422 million adults have diabetes worldwide, with an expected rise to 642 million by 2040. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% of these cases. Sub-Saharan Africa is seeing a notable rise in type 2 diabetes due to lifestyle changes and an aging population In Somalia, the private-sector-dominated healthcare system, exacerbated by prolonged armed conflicts, struggles with affordable diabetes management, leading to increased diabetic complications. With an estimated 5% prevalence of diabetes in Somalia, the lack of routine screening and limited access to affordable healthcare further elevate the prevalence and complications, particularly among those with type 2 diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to identify socio-demographic, healthcare, lifestyle, and clinical factors associated with diabetic complications among adults with type 2 diabetes at selected hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: A case-control study of 187 type 2 diabetes patients used purposive sampling and structured questionnaires to collect data. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0 with bivariate and logistic regression, and significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The study found that participants aged over 47 years had significantly higher odds of developing diabetic complications compared to those aged 18-27 years (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.26-7.96, p = 0.014). In the multiple regression analysis, the duration of diabetes significantly influenced the risk of complications, with those diagnosed for 5-10 years (AOR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.19-10.28, p = 0.029) and more than 10 years (AOR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.36-9.49, p = 0.011) having increased odds. Uncontrolled blood glucose levels were also a significant predictor of complications (AOR: 3.55, 95% CI: 1.82-6.91, p < 0.001). Other factors, such as marital status and monthly income, were not significant in the multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of early detection and management of diabetes to prevent complications, especially among older adults and those with longer disease duration. Interventions should focus on improving glycemic control and managing comorbid conditions. Targeted education and support for patients, especially those at higher risk, are crucial to mitigating the impact of diabetic complications.
Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major global health issue characterized by persistently high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or decreased insulin efficacy. Over 422 million adults have diabetes worldwide, with an expected rise to 642 million by 2040. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% of these cases. Sub-Saharan Afr...
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Research Article
Practical Knowledge and Attitudes of Pregnant Women About Viral Hepatitis B in N'djamena
Mayanna Habkreo*,
Maïré Dahainssala,
Badawi Mahamat,
Adama Ahmed Ngaré,
Mahamat Ali Hachim,
Goumbo Nedjim,
Moussa Elefi,
Abdramane Kossou,
Ali Mahamat Moussa
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
100-103
Received:
8 September 2024
Accepted:
4 October 2024
Published:
31 October 2024
Abstract: Viral hepatitis B, defined as inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus, is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practical attitudes of pregnant women concerning viral hepatitis B. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over six months in two hospitals in the city of N'Djamena. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the Hôpital de l'Amitié Tchad-Chine or the Hôpital de District Sud de N'Djamena were included. Data were collected using pre-administered questionnaires administered during antenatal consultations. A total of 350 pregnant women were interviewed, of whom 51 had a positive HBsAg result, representing a prevalence of 14.57%. The mean age was 26.4 ±5.6 years. All school levels were represented. In terms of transmission routes: 37.3% of women cited the sexual route, versus 29.4% for the blood route. Mother-to-child transmission was known by 33.3% of pregnant women across all levels of education. However, knowledge was higher (over 70%) among pregnant women with higher levels of education. Nearly 80% of women surveyed were aware of the existence of the vaccine, but less than 1% had been vaccinated. Pregnant women's knowledge of the vaccine remains limited, despite the efforts made in recent years to improve the management of viral hepatitis.
Abstract: Viral hepatitis B, defined as inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus, is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practical attitudes of pregnant women concerning viral hepatitis B. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over six months in two hospitals in the ...
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